The BSE Advance and Decline has been one of the well known tools for estimating the breadth of the wide market.
Advances and declines refer generally to the number of stocks that closed at a higher and those that closed at a lower price than the previous trading day, respectively.
Advances and declines data form the basis of several technical indicators that help understand the market dynamics and can be used in conjunction with other forms of technical analysis of stocks. Technical analysts look at this data to analyze stock market behavior, recognize volatility, and predict whether a price trend is likely to continue or change.
Rising value for advance and decline indicators are often a technical signal of a bullish market while declining values represent a bearish market. In other words, a market will be more bullish if more stocks advance than decline and vice versa over a particular time frame.
There are various technical indicators that are calculated using advances and declines one of which is Advance-decline ratio. It compares the number of stocks that closed higher against the number of those that closed lower during a particular period. A low value of advance-decline ratio can indicate an oversold market, while a high value can signal an overbought market. Either of these conditions could mean that a market trend has become unsustainable and is about to reverse.

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